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From YourSITE.com Porsche
THE PORSCHE® CAYENNE®: A SPORT UTILITY BY NATURE, NOT JUST BY NAME ATLANTA – By drawing on the full depth of its long and proud heritage in engineering and design, as well as successes from the streets of Le Mans to the sands of Dakar, only Porsche is in a position to build a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) that is not just another utility vehicle, but a vehicle with dynamic capabilities that truly can be described as sporting.
The Porsche Cayenne demonstrated its on- and off-pavement capabilities during development testing on the twisting, high-speed road racing circuit at Germany’s famed Nürburgring as well as in Arctic snow and ice, in the sun-baked environment of Australia’s Outback, in the sands of Dubai, and on the slick and steep surfaces of North America’s Rocky Mountains. Now the Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo are ready to demonstrate their capabilities in the hands of Porsche customers.
“The Cayenne is the first vehicle to really put the sport into sport-utility,” says Frederick J. Schwab, president and CEO of Porsche Cars North America. “I know that others have made a similar boast, but we’re confident that the Cayenne will more than live up to that claim. The Cayenne may have the architecture of an SUV, but it has the soul that is part of every Porsche product,” Schwab adds.
The Cayenne takes its name from the one of the very hottest of red peppers, recognized around the world as a symbol for zestful spiciness. With as much as 450 horsepower, with 0-to-62 mph sprint times as quick as 5.6 seconds, and with Porsche Traction Management and other innovative technologies that provide sure-footedness in high-speed lane changes and for crawling up slick rock and down steep and rocky trails, the Cayenne is the first true sport-utility.
With four doors, luxuriously comfortable seating for five, room for the gear a family needs to enjoy an active lifestyle, and a towing capacity of more than 7,700 pounds, the Cayenne is the first Porsche to provide such true utility.
As Porsche enthusiasts already know, the “S” badge signifies a truly special Porsche model, not merely a trim upgrade or option package.
The Cayenne S maintains a tradition that dates to 1952 with the S version of the original Porsche, the 356. Since then, the S badge has been worn by the famed 911S that arrived in 1967 and subsequently by such outstanding vehicles as the Boxster ® S and the 911® Carrera® 4S.
For the launch of the Porsche SUV, the Cayenne S earns its special designation thanks to its 340-horsepower (SAE), 4.5-liter, normally aspirated V8 engine, a powerplant designed and manufactured by Porsche that ranks the Cayenne S among the strongest of all sport utilities. It features an all-new, six-speed Tiptronic ® Stransmission and introduces Porsche Traction Management four-wheel-drive technology that provides outstanding performance during maneuvers on a variety of paved and unpaved terrain.
The Cayenne S carries such standard equipment as Porsche Stability Management; front, side and curtain airbags; a Bose ® Cabin Surround Sound System; leatherupholstery and automatic climate controls.
The Cayenne S has a base price of $55,900 in the United States and $78,250 in Canada.
With twin turbochargers boosting the output of its 4.5-liter V8, the Cayenne Turbo delivers 450 horsepower and 457 pound-feet of torque, power that propels it from a standing start to 62 mph (100 km/h) in a mere 5.6 seconds and to a top track speed of 165 mph (266 km/h).
But the Cayenne Turbo is just as capable off-pavement, thanks to its combination of Porsche Traction Management with standard air suspension that can provide nearly 11 inches of ground clearance for traversing rough terrain.
Like the Cayenne S, the Cayenne Turbo comes with such standard equipment as Porsche Stability Management; a six-speed Tiptronic S transmission; front, side and curtain airbags; full leather upholstery and automatic climate controls. The Cayenne Turbo adds such features as an aluminum-trimmed interior and the new Porsche Communications Management technology that includes a navigation system and Bose Cabin Surround Sound System.
The Cayenne Turbo has a base price of in the United States of $88,900 and $125,100 in Canada. Production plans for the Cayenne were announced in the summer of 1998, when it was disclosed that the Porsche SUV would have permanent four-wheel drive and genuine off-pavement capabilities, but also would achieve Porsche benchmarks for ride and handling. This Porsche SUV would be built at a new, state-of-the-art assembly center at Leipzig, Germany, where Porsche also has constructed on- and off-pavement testing facilities.
While the Cayenne would be built on the same platform as a new Volkswagen SUV, Porsche, which would develop new engines to power its SUV, would lead the design and engineering efforts.
The new Porsche V8 is a 4.5-liter unit with 32 valves (two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder), Porsche’s VarioCam ® technology, and integral dry sump lubrication.The two banks of cylinders are placed at a 90-degree angle.
The engine is designed to operate smoothly at an angle of 45 degrees off horizontal, thus providing optimum off-pavement abilities. This required modification of the oil circuit and crankcase-venting system, most notably separate oil re-flow ducts leading from the cylinder heads into the oil sump. Separation of the oil circuit from the vent ducts enables engine oil to flow quickly and directly back to the oil sump to maintain a sufficient oil supply at all times. On extreme gradients, an efficient supply of oil is also guaranteed by added oil extraction from the rear section of the oil sump, by the oil intake opening for the main oil pump being lowered right to the bottom point, and by a baffle wall in the oil sump.
The V8 shares much of its internal architecture with the water-cooled six-cylinder engine that was developed to power the Porsche Boxster. However, Porsche engineers developed specific components and dimensions for the Cayenne’s new V8. For example, while the 3.66-inch (93 mm) cylinder bore is the same as the Boxster’s, the V8 has a longer stroke of 3.27 inches (83 mm).
The V8 has a two-piece cylinder head similar to that developed for the powerful 911 Turbo, and the Cayenne engine’s cylinder head makes use of an aluminum/silicon alloy that can withstand very high temperatures.
As with all other Porsche models, the new V8 makes use of Porsche’s VarioCam technology. For the Cayenne’s V8, VarioCam can adjust the camshafts by as much as 25 degrees, ensuring outstanding torque characteristics as well as optimum fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Engine coolant is distributed to the crankcase and cylinder heads by a distribution pipe located above the transmission. The water pump, mounted at the front of the engine, pumps coolant through a pipe located in the interior of the engine’s V. Approximately 20 percent of the coolant flows through the crankcase in a lengthwise direction with 80 percent flowing through the cylinder heads in a “crossflow” architecture from the hot to the cold side. Heat from the engine oil is fed into the coolant through an oil/water heat exchanger.
The stainless steel exhaust system features an exhaust pipe for each row of cylinders that is connected downstream of the main catalysts by a crossover pipe. This architecture allows enhanced torque at low engine speeds. The pre- and main catalysts are metallic, allowing thinner design of the coated inner walls. This system also provides a larger overall area within the catalyst ducts, ensuring higher efficiency, longer service life and more rapid build-up to the temperatures required for maximum catalyst efficiency.
The catalysts are controlled by two oxygen sensors. This dual-sensor control minimizes exhaust emissions, enabling both the Cayenne S and the Cayenne Turbo to meet LEV (low emission vehicle) standards in the United States and to fulfill the EU4 standards that go into effect in Europe in 2005.
The normally aspirated engine in the Cayenne S is rated at 340 horsepower (SAE) and provides 310 pound-feet of torque all the way from 2,500 rpm to 5,500 rpm. Working in conjunction with the new six-speed Tiptronic S transmission, the normally aspirated 4.5-liter V8 propels the Cayenne S from a standing start to 62 mph (100 km/h) in only 7.2 seconds. The Cayenne S can achieve a top speed of 150 mph (242 km/h) on the test track.
The Cayenne Turbo is powered by a similar 4.5-liter V8, but two turbochargers recycle the engine’s exhaust gases and boost its power to a staggering 450 horsepower (SAE) at 6,000 rpm and to a whopping 457 pound-feet of torque throughout the 2,250 to 4,750 rpm range.
Because of such higher loads, the Cayenne Turbo has cylinder heads made of special high temperature-resistant aluminum alloy similar to that used in Porsche racecars. The intake ducts are modified for the greater fuel/air mixture and the cylinder head features double valve springs on the exhaust side to ensure maximum engine performance. The Turbo also has special forged pistons and additional oil injection cooling jets.
The Tiptronic S transmission is specially tuned for the increased power of the Turbo engine.
As on the Porsche 911 Turbo, the Cayenne Turbo’s boosters are in parallel arrangement. Small intake and short exhaust manifolds and a mixed-flow turbine with reduced mass inertia ensures response and performance, eliminating so-called turbo lag.
The turbo housing is made of high quality cast steel, assuring temperature control and optimizing combustion under full load. The compressed air flowing out of the turbine is cooled to provide a high cylinder charge and to reduce component temperatures. Intake air flows to the two compressors through separate air filters for the left and right cylinder banks. Finally, the compressed air flows through separate intercoolers positioned in front of the left and right wheel arches.
Bypass valves are integrated into the turbine housings and turbocharger pressure is adjusted through a joint cycle valve controlled by the engine management system. Maximum turbocharger pressure is approximately 23.2 pounds per square inch (1.6 bar) and is reached at an engine speed of 2,250 rpm. Boost pressure then reduces slightly, to 21.7 psi (1.5 bar), where it remains until the engine reaches its maximum horsepower at 6,000 rpm.
Compared to the Cayenne S engine, the Turbo requires additional lubrication and cooling, which are provided by separate feed lines. To achieve optimum performance in off-pavement conditions, the turbochargers are equipped with an oil retention tank and check valve.
Both Cayenne models will have permanent four-wheel drive, an inter-axle differential lock and additional low-range gears, Porsche Stability Management (PSM), and the ability to tow 7,716 pounds (3,500 kilograms). Both Cayenne models ride on wheels that range from 18 inches to 20 inches in diameter.
“Historically, Porsche has been at the forefront of all-wheel-drive design,” notes Schwab. “It began with the Lohner-Porsche in 1900 and was highlighted by the Porsche 959 in 1985, and that car’s victory in the Paris-Dakar marathon. The Cayenne is a natural next step for Porsche.”
To ensure the Cayenne is both a true Porsche and a true SUV, it has gone through several years of comprehensive testing in remote locations across the globe. Test vehicles were on the Porsche development track at Weissach as early as the spring of 1998, and in addition to Germany’s famed Nürburgring, on-track tests also were done at Nardo (Italy) and on Hockenheim, home of the annual German Grand Prix. The Cayenne and its various components and systems also were tested in the snow and ice in Sweden and Canada; on the sand and rock of Dubai; in the harsh environment of the Australian Outback; in the mountains of the American West, Spain and in the Alps; and on hundreds of thousands of miles of highways around the world.
The Cayenne had to satisfy not only Porsche’s extreme performance and quality standards, but it had to meet the utility and reliability expectations only Porsche engineers demand from an SUV.
For the Cayenne, Porsche engineers developed the Porsche Traction Management (PTM) permanent four-wheel drive system, an air suspension system with a self-leveling feature and six adjustable ride height positions, and Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM), an electronically variable damping system that stabilizes body sway during sudden gas or brake pedal applications or when driving in rough terrain. These systems work together to ensure that the Cayenne offers both supreme on-pavement and outstanding off-pavement driving qualities.
These systems also work in conjunction with PSM (Porsche Stability Management), which intervenes when the vehicle is driven to the limit of adhesion and stabilizes the Cayenne in oversteer or understeer conditions to keep it headed in the direction the driver intends.
Porsche Traction Management (PTM), which is standard on both Cayenne models, significantly improves dynamic performance and handling.
PTM feeds the engine’s power through a multiple-plate clutch operated by an electric motor. In normal driving, PTM feeds 62 percent of the engine power to the rear wheels and 38 percent to the front wheels. However, whenever necessary, it can direct up to 100 percent of the engine’s torque either to the front or the rear wheels.
The map-controlled longitudinal differential lock and a rear axle differential, available as an option, not only respond to any lack of traction on the front or rear wheels, but incorporate sensors measuring vehicle speed, lateral acceleration, the steering angle, and gas pedal operation. PTM calculates the optimum locking action on both axles and spreads drive forces as needed to the front and rear wheels. Therefore, PTM might be compared with a forward-looking, anticipative active electronic control system providing exactly the right balance for superior driving stability and supreme safety when changing lanes both at high speeds or when driving at a moderate pace on ice and snow.
When driven in light terrain, the Cayenne can handle all traction requirements through its intelligent four-wheel drive. However, when the going gets tough, PTM interacts with the reduced-ratio off-pavement gear; as soon as the driver activates the low-range mode, PTM and PSM adjust ABS (anti-lock brake system), ABD (automatic brake differential) and differential control settings to special off-pavement calibrations. Should the terrain become so tough that individual wheels might lose contact with the surface, the four-wheel drive system is linked by rigid, firm connections to keep the driver on the move. All the driver has to do is flip the off-pavement switch located on the interior center console a second time to obtain a 100 percent front-to-rear wheel lock. Some of the particular benefits PTM provides are: • Excellent driving stability and traction in all situations, regardless of surface friction, • better steering and control by opening the longitudinal differential lock in order to avoid any understeer, • enhanced vehicle control when driving to the limit, due to the longitudinal differential lock, • improved directional stability and tracking control by appropriate activation of the longitudinal differential lock, and • improved traction by increasing the degree of locking action before the wheels start to spin.
Porsche Stability Management (PSM), also standard on both Cayenne models, maintains a constant dialogue with PTM but only intervenes when the vehicle reaches its physical limit. Coordinating essential systems such as the ABS, the automatic slip regulation (ASR) system, and the automatic brake differential (ABD), PSM is immediately available whenever the Cayenne enters critical over- or understeer conditions, “telling” PTM to open the differential locks in order to re-stabilize the car by applying the brakes specifically on individual wheels. Should that not be sufficient, PSM intervention includes engine management and automatically can adjust the engine’s ignition and throttle to help stabilize the vehicle.
The Cayenne’s suspension provides the secure foundation for exceptional driving dynamics. It combines optimum safety, motoring comfort and off-pavement driving capabilities.
The front axle is an extra-large double track control arm configuration mounted on its own subframe. The large distance between the individual track control arms keeps forces acting on the suspension to a minimum, ensuring precise wheel guidance for agility and minimizing the influence of any adverse forces. Incorporating extra-large rubber mounts, the elastic subframe bearings keep road noise transfer to a minimum.
Made of high-strength steel, the subframe design has an arch-shaped crossbar and inclined ramps at the front that give the Cayenne ample ground clearance, up to 10.75 inches (273 mm) with the air suspension system.
The variable-ratio steering gear and the differential are well protected on top of the subframe to help ensure robust off-pavement driving qualities. Like all Porsches, the Cayenne has hydraulic power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering as a standard feature. The steering ratio is 16.7:1, taking just 2.65 turns of the wheel from lock to lock, which is comparable to a sports car. The Cayenne’s turning radius is 39 feet (11.9 meters). The rear axle is another new Porsche development. The rear axle configuration is an elaborate multi-arm concept easily able to handle both high traction forces and the Cayenne’s high service load capabilities. In the interest of extra comfort and noise reduction, the rear axle is also mounted on a subframe resting on extra-large, hydraulically dampened rubber bearings. This subframe also is made of high-strength steel for optimal weight and maximum structure stiffness. The lower track control arm and the tie-rod are made of steel plate to ensure robust strength even on the roughest surfaces. The upper track control arm assembly, which is well protected within the vehicle, is made of extra-light forged aluminum components.
Through its particular configuration, the axle kinematics reduce undesired squat and dive when accelerating and braking, keeping the Cayenne almost entirely level on the road at all times. The rear axle configuration and the rear toe-in control stabilize the vehicle’s driving behavior particularly in curves and under load change. A special feature of the axle concept is the extra-long spring travel for off-pavement purposes.
With the steel spring suspension on the Cayenne S, the front springs compress 4.09 inches and expand 4.57 inches (104 and 116 mm, respectively) while the rear spring travel is 5.31 inches (135 mm) compressed and 3.86 inches (98 mm) expanded.
With ground clearance of 8.54 inches (217 mm), the maximum embankment (approach) angle is 29.1 degrees in front and 25.7 degrees (departure) at the rear. The ramp angle (break over) is 20.4 degrees.
For those needing more ground clearance, an optional air suspension is available on the Cayenne S and is standard on the Cayenne Turbo.
With the air suspension that is standard on the Cayenne Turbo and available as an option on the Cayenne S, the front springs compress 4.02 inches and expand 4.65 inches (102 and 118 mm, respectively). The rear springs compress 4.88 inches and expand 4.92 inches (124 and 125 mm).
Air suspension not only guarantees extra ground clearance on rough terrain, its self-leveling feature provides a consistent vehicle position regardless of the load. The system also ensures maximum driving pleasure and active safety by automatically lowering the Cayenne relative to increasing road speed.
Incorporating six different ride height levels, the air suspension adjusts over a range of 4.56 inches (116 mm).
In normal mode, ground clearance is 8.54 inches (217 mm) according to the DIN unladen standard. • In load trim, the Cayenne moves down 2.36 inches (60 mm) from its standard position to a loading level of 6.18 inches (157 mm). This level is only available when the vehicle is not moving and facilitates loading and unloading. As the driver begins to drive the vehicle, the system automatically returns to its normal level. • In low-level mode, the Cayenne moves down 1.06 inches (27 mm) inches below its standard height and is comparable to a vehicle with a sports suspension. In practice this means the suspension is more firm and air resistance is lower, making the Cayenne even more stable and dynamic at high speeds. The suspension level automatically lowers from a higher position to the low high-speed setting at a road speed of 78 mph (125 km/h). • At speeds exceeding 130 mph (210 km/h), the Cayenne automatically moves down to its extra-low ride level, which is 0.43 inches (11 mm) below the “regular” low setting. • When driving off-pavement, the Cayenne can be set to the higher off-pavement level up to 1.02 inches (26 mm) over the standard ride height to negotiate difficult terrain. However, this high level is only available at speeds up to 50 mph (80 km/h). • The special off-pavement level is for the most extreme driving conditions, raising the Cayenne another 1.18 inches (30 mm) to a ground clearance of 10.75 inches (273 mm). This extra-high level is only available at speeds of up to 19 mph (30 km/h).
Porsche offers air suspension in combination with Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM), a new variable damping system. Operated electronically, PASM adjusts damper forces infinitely as a function of surface conditions and the driver’s driving style.
A typical example of PASM intervention occurs during powerful application of the gas and/or brake pedal or when driving on particularly rough terrain. PASM serves to steady any body sway and dive motions by monitoring body movement through five accelerometers. As soon as the motion of the Cayenne’s body exceeds a certain limit depending on specific driving conditions, PASM intervenes and stabilizes the vehicle by acting on the individual dampers.
PASM also gives the Cayenne driver the opportunity to choose among three damper settings while driving – Comfort, Normal or Sports. Consistently operating in the background, PASM always maintains its active control function, comparing the operator’s driving style with the program currently in use. Whenever the driver has chosen a particularly comfortable damper setting but is driving in a more sporting or dynamic style, the system automatically switches over to the sports mode and makes the dampers firmer.
The Cayenne’s outstanding road performance does not come at the expense of its off-pavement capabilities. Due to its intelligent four-wheel drive, the Cayenne is able to handle minor off-pavement conditions without requiring modification of the traction systems.
When driven on rough terrain, the Cayenne uses the Porsche Traction Management system integrated as a standard feature in the power divider. This reduction gearbox comes with a 2.7:1 gear ratio for even the most extreme off-pavement driving maneuvers. By activating the low range mode by way of a toggle switch on the Cayenne’s center console, several control systems are automatically prepared for off-pavement conditions. PTM switches to the appropriate gear ratio for off-pavement driving and activates a special off-pavement control map for the differential locks. PSM switches on the traction-oriented off-pavement ABS and ABD system, and the air suspension in the Cayenne Turbo automatically changes to the off-pavement ride level. Porsche is the first car manufacturer to offer this combination of systems controlled by a central off-pavement switch, thus reducing the risk of control errors when driving on rough terrain.
The Cayenne’s standard off-pavement driving characteristics can be enhanced to a higher level. In the event individual wheels lose contact in demanding terrain, a direct and rigid connection of the four-wheel drive system provides mobility. Operating the off-pavement switch a second time activates the 100 percent front-to-rear differential lock, and the Cayenne Turbo’s standard air suspension provides additional assistance when climbing. In the special off-pavement mode, which provides 10.75 inches (273 mm) ride height, the inclination angle is up to 32.4 degrees at the front and 27.3 degrees at the rear, enabling the Cayenne to handle steep ramps.
Even extreme crests when driving from one gradient to another are not obstacles since the 24.7-degree ramp angle prevents the body, between the axles, from touching the ground prematurely.
Both models are equipped for water crossings up to 21.85 inches (555mm) when set to the special off-pavement level thanks to the Cayenne’s special sealing concept, a high-rise intake funnel, its elevated transmission purge opening, and full encapsulation of the side sills. The standard steel spring suspension on the Cayenne S allows it to traverse water up to 19.7 inches (500 mm) in depth. In the future, Porsche will offer the Advanced Offroad Technology Package for the most extreme off-pavement conditions. Apart from special side protection and a steel plate under floor panel around the radiator, this package includes a fully controllable (up to 100 percent) differential lock on the rear axle. To fully activate the lock, the driver operates the central off-pavement switch a third time. The fully controlled rear axle lock then ensures even better traction when setting off on slippery surfaces with varying frictional coefficients or when negotiating curves.
The package also uses anti-roll bars on the front and rear axle, which are hydraulically activated and deactivated by a switch in the center console. This increases front and rear axle articulation by 2.36 inches (60 mm), which improves ride comfort by minimizing body sway and enhancing off-pavement driving qualities and traction when negotiating rocks, tree trunks or bumps.
To ensure the Cayenne’s sporting driving qualities on the road, the anti-roll bars can only be disconnected in the low range mode. As soon as the Cayenne, with its anti-roll bars disconnected, returns from rough terrain to the road, the anti-roll bars are automatically reconnected as a safety feature once the vehicle exceeds 31 mph (50 km/h) to provide the additional stability required for on-pavement driving.
To ensure maximum braking efficiency, Porsche engineers equip the Cayenne with 13.78-inch (350 mm) inner-vented front discs with six-piston aluminum monobloc calipers and 13-inch (330 mm) inner-vented rear discs with four-piston aluminum monobloc calipers with pad-wear sensors. The front and rear rotors are 1.34 inches (34 mm) and 1.10 inches (28 mm) thick, respectively. Anti-lock braking technology is standard.
Because of the risk of contamination under off-pavement conditions, the Cayenne’s brake discs are not cross-drilled. Porsche engineers found in their extensive testing that cross-drilled brakes can collect debris that can cause premature wear and even damage to the braking system.
The Cayenne brakes have passed Porsche’s extreme fade test. This test involves 25 full-force braking applications from 90 percent of the vehicle’s top speed down to 62 mph (100 km/h). This must be accomplished while maintaining a consistent deceleration of 0.8 g.
The Cayenne is the first Porsche with a foot-operated parking brake, which allows room for a large storage compartment in the center console. An interim gear further reduces brake forces to provide additional support. The system, which also features a self-adjusting brake cable, allows drivers to safely and securely park a fully laden Cayenne on a 55 percent gradient.
The Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo ride on standard 18-inch light-alloy wheels and 255/55 R 18 tires. Optional equipment includes 19- and 20-inch wheels and a variety of high-performance and winter weather tires.
Cayenne wheels are built in a process called flow-forming, which reduces weight, depending on wheel size, by 2.2 to 3.3 pounds (1-1.5 kg) per wheel.
Porsche’s know-how in lightweight steel technology plays a significant role to ensure both the outstanding stiffness and safety of the Cayenne’s body structure.
Some 60 percent of the Cayenne’s body is built from high-strength steel. Porsche’s know-how also includes special skills in material joining technology, and the Cayenne makes good use of multi-phase steel (dual-phase and TRIP steel grades) that offer enhanced strength and good molding qualities compared to conventional construction techniques. For example, the Cayenne’s A and B pillars are reinforced with TRIP steel with multi-phase steel at the bottom of the seat crossbars and on the rear floor crossbars. The Cayenne also benefits from tailored blanks and tailor-made components similar to those developed for Porsche’s sports cars, ensuring that all structures along the chassis legs and roof frame edges are both lightweight and extremely stable.
The front section of the Cayenne features a combination of longitudinal support and crossbars to ensure the intelligent and safe distribution of forces in the event of a collision. Deformation energy spreads over three load levels into the stiff longitudinal floor support, side sill, tunnel and door shaft areas, minimizing deformation of the passenger compartment. The passenger cell also is highly resistant and provides supreme protection. Finally, the structure of the side sills is supplemented by a high-strength tube element inside the sills to reduce side intrusion.
All Cayennes are equipped with front, side and curtain airbags. Two-stage gas generators that are designed to reduce unnecessary loads on the occupants in the event of a minor accident activate the airbags for the driver and front passenger. The Cayenne’s new side impact safety system includes side airbags integrated into the front seats and a curtain airbag fitted into the roof frame that protects occupants in both the front and rear seats. This curtain airbag is effective in side impacts and in the event of an impact with a narrow obstacle such as a pole or tree.
All five seats in the Cayenne are equipped with three-point belts, and all four outboard belts have belt latch pretensioners. The front seats also have belt-force limiters.
Porsche has gone to great lengths to ensure the Cayenne interior reflects the unmistakable quality of Porsche design. The interior is refined, functional and sophisticated, and includes all the style and characteristics typical of a Porsche.
Of course, the ignition lock is positioned to the left of the three-spoke steering wheel, inspired by Porsche’s racing history.
The instrument panel features two large round dials with a central multi-functional display. The leather-wrapped, three-spoke multi-function steering wheel, standard on both models, bears a multi-colored Porsche crest.
Other standard equipment on both models includes an alarm system, central locking (with remote control from the ignition key), an on-board computer, tinted and heat-insulated glass, electric windows, electrically adjustable front seats, an expansive leather interior, automatic air conditioning with an activated carbon filter, and the 350-watt Bose Cabin Surround Sound System with a CD player and 14 speakers.
The luggage space – fitted with a luggage net and boot cover – has a capacity of 19.07 cubic feet (540 liters) with the rear seat in its upright position. However, the rear seat backrests can fold down with a 40/60 split, and when both are folded down, cargo capacity increases to 62.51 cubic feet (1,770 liters). Loading and unloading are eased by the low loading sill height.
However, it is not necessary to fully open the rear hatch when loading smaller objects. The Cayenne’s rear window opens upward, which provides a second option for accessing the luggage compartment.
Additional standard features on the Cayenne Turbo include Bi-Xenon headlights, an electrically adjustable heated steering wheel, front seats with memory function, metallic paint, Porsche Communication Management (PCM) and Porsche ParkAssistant technologies.
The Turbo’s headlights use sensors that measure the driver’s steering angle and road speed and adjust the headlight direction to provide outstanding illumination of the road ahead.
The new PCM system features a navigation module, an on-board computer, antenna diversity and the Bose sound system.
The Turbo’s leather interior has aluminum details in areas such as the dashboard, doors and control panel trim.
In anticipation of the Cayenne’s arrival, Porsche Cars North America launched the Cayenne Crossing Initiative, a multi-year program dedicated to reclaiming America’s paved and unpaved roads. Chaired by actor James Brolin, the program includes a variety of U.S. road restoration and maintenance projects along a route that stretches from coast to coast. Cayenne Crossing Initiative partners include Treadlightly!, the Illinois Department of Transportation, the San Bernardino National Forest Association and the Porsche Club of America. Initial restoration efforts began last summer in California’s San Bernardino National Forest and Virginia’s George Washington National Forest. Porsche also will partner with key civic groups and volunteers to enhance highway maintenance efforts along Route 66 in the Midwest.
Every new model-year 2003 Porsche car sold in the United States and Canada is covered by a four-year/50,000-mile (80,000 kilometer), bumper-to-bumper limited warranty, which includes Porsche’s roadside assistance program. The galvanized body and 26-step paint and anti-corrosion process enable Porsche to warrant each car against rust perforation for 10 years and unlimited mileage.
In addition, Porsche guarantees the paint finish for three years – also without a mileage limitation.
Porsche ® Technology FeaturesVarioCam ® PlusPorsche offers its VarioCam or VarioCam Plus technology on the engines of all of its models, including the Cayenne ®.
VarioCam Plus was developed for the 911 Turbo to optimize dynamic performance while reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions and improving engine refinement and ensuring smooth operation.
VarioCam involves intake camshaft adjustment (VarioCam) and intake valve lift control (Plus).
The valve adjustment system is accomplished by switching cup tappets through an electrohydraulic switching valve. With two cam profiles on the intake shaft, the engine is able to operate with the appropriate lift curve.
The cup tappets comprise two interacting tappet elements locked together by a bolt. This creates a direct link between the inner tappet and the small cam and between the outer tappet and the large cam. A hydraulic compensation unit for valve play is integrated into the tappet’s force flow line.
When the engine is at idle, valve lift is controlled by the small cams (to a limit of 3.6 millimeters (0.1417 inches) and valve timing is optimized to keep any valve overlap to a minimum. The small valve lift reduces friction, significantly increases the charge motion (thanks to the very short opening times) and reduces emissions from any previous combustion within the cylinder. Another advantage is the considerable reduction in fuel consumption and emissions – by as much as 10 percent – as well as a much higher standard of idling quality.
Under partial load, the engine runs with internal recirculation of exhaust gases to minimize throttle effect and to reduce fuel consumption. To achieve this goal, valve lift is shifted to a large overall area to draw in exhaust gases.
Then, under full load, superior torque and output are ensured by a highly efficient gas charge cycle with minimum losses, yet with an uncompromising cam contour of a maximum of 11 millimeters (0.4331 inches) of valve lift and suitably adjusted opening and closing times during the valve cycle.
VarioCam Plus also enhances engine start up and reduces emissions while the engine warms up. The Motronic ME 7.8 engine management system used on Porsche sports cars is designed specifically for Porsche’s requirements and governs both camshaft adjustment and valve lift control. The Cayenne uses the Motronic ME 7.1.1 engine management system. The systems make adjustments based on factors such as engine speed, gas pedal position, engine oil and coolant temperature and the gear in which the car is operating. Driver input is compared with control maps within the system and the control unit decides within milliseconds how VarioCam and VarioCam Plus should respond.
In addition to the five-speed Tiptronic S transmission in the 911 ® and Boxster®,Porsche offers a six-speed Tiptronic S in the Cayenne. This latest development is tailored specifically to the high torque and power level of the Cayenne Turbo, and thus also is ideal for the Cayenne S model.
This new six-speed Tiptronic S features modified shift units and a special torque converter. The system provides a wider range of individual gear increments and retains the driver’s option to shift gears manually by tipping the selector lever on the center console or simply by pressing the upper part of the thumb switches on the steering wheel to shift up and pressing the lower part of the switch to downshift.
One major advantage of the Tiptronic S is that it provides the driver with the option of intervening while the transmission is in automatic mode. The driver can move the thumb switch on the steering wheel and shift gears manually even though the selector lever remains in the automatic position. In such a case, the manual mode is activated for at least eight seconds, and this period is extended when the car is in “overrun” – for example, on a downhill grade, to capitalize on engine braking – or when the driver downshifts before the entrance to a curve and the car is under lateral acceleration as it negotiates the turn.
When in such a situation, the letter “M” appears in the right-hand instrument dial and the specific gear currently engaged is displayed. At the same time, the transmission retains its kick-down function so the driver can downshift again as needed. The transmission can downshift by as many as three gears when the driver steps hard and quickly on the gas pedal. In automatic mode, Tiptronic S adjusts to various control maps based on the driver’s style of driving and the route. The range of shift points extends from a particularly economic version activated whenever the driver prefers a calmer and more reserved style of driving (with the gears shifting up at an earlier point and engine speeds being reduced accordingly) all the way to a very dynamic, active mode (with the gears remaining in mesh for as long as possible when accelerating, using the engine's free-revving driving characteristics). The crucial factor in all cases is the driver’s foot on the accelerator: Moving the gas pedal quickly and dynamically, for example on a winding road, and accelerating frequently with full power, the gearshift points change accordingly, switching if necessary to the most dynamic variant and vice versa.
Over and above its ability to recognize the driver's style, the Porsche Tiptronic S also features: • A warm-up program that prevents the transmission from shifting up too soon, thus increasing the temperature of the catalytic converter as quickly as possible while allowing the engine to warm up smoothly and without any strain; • An active gearshift that immediately moves the shift points to the most sporting and dynamic program whenever the driver presses the gas pedal quickly and dynamically; • Suppression of upward gearshift in overrun when the driver’s foot suddenly lifts off the accelerator, for example, before entering a bend; • Downshifts to the next lower gear to optimize engine braking; • Increment upshift delays shifting into a higher gear after an active downshift; • Retention of gears in a bend to prevent upshift; • Hill recognition that retains lower gears as long as possible in uphill or downhill gradients.
To reduce the possibility of an improper shift in rough terrain, the steering wheel paddles are deactivated when the off-pavement reduction gearbox is engaged. In this case, the driver can shift manually only by moving the shift lever on the center console. But the driver may not have to shift manually because Tiptronic S uses gearshift control maps that ensure optimum power in rough terrain.
Another feature of the Tiptronic S in the Cayenne is a hill-holder function that prevents the car from rolling backward when setting off in a forward gear, even on a speed grade. Porsche Traction Management (PTM) is a new generation in four-wheel drive that is standard on every Cayenne. PTM significantly influences the Cayenne’s dynamic performance by coordinating the vehicle’s outstanding power and torque, its sporty and agile handling, and its excellent driving dynamics with superior performance off the beaten track.
In normal conditions, PTM feeds 62 percent of the engine’s power to the rear wheels and 38 percent to the front wheels. However, through the use of a multiple-plate clutch, the driver can vary the power split as needed, if necessary feeding 100 percent of the engine’s torque to the front or rear wheels.
The map-controlled front-to-rear lock and the optional rear axle differential lock not only respond to lack of traction on the front or rear wheels, but also incorporate sensors within the management system to measure such things as vehicle speed, lateral acceleration, steering wheel angle and operation of the gas pedal. PTM thus determines the optimum lock on both axles and distributes drive power as actually required to the front and rear wheels.
PTM therefore acts as an intelligently networked electronic system that provides superior driving stability and safe lane change behavior both at high speeds and when driving on snow and ice at moderate speeds.
This innovation offers an impressive range of outstanding results, including: • Excellent driving stability and traction in all situations, regardless of the frictional coefficient; • Better steering provided by the front-to-rear differential lock opening up to avoid any understeer effect; • Better control when driving to the limit thanks to the front-to-rear differential; • Enhanced directional stability and better road grip by operating the front-to-rear lock as required; • Better traction by increasing locking action before the wheels start to spin.
Porsche Stability Management (PSM) remains consistently in touch with PTM, but intervenes only when the vehicle reaches its limits. Coordinating essential systems such as ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), ASR (Automatic Slip Regulation) and ABD (Automatic Brake Differential), PSM cuts in immediately under critical over- or understeer conditions and tells PTM to open up the locks to restabilize the vehicle by applying the brakes specifically on individual wheels.
The Cayenne successfully combines outstanding performance on the road with equally outstanding off-pavement abilities. Indeed, it is already a genuine master off the beaten track in its “basic” configuration, intelligent four-wheel drive enabling the Cayenne to easily cross light terrain without any modification of the traction systems.
On rough terrain, the Porsche Traction Management (PTM) system uses the reduced-ratio gearbox featured as standard equipment. With its reduction ratio of 2.7:1, the reduction gearbox is ideal for even the most extreme maneuvers, easily handling steep gradients and, in particular, downhill passes.
Activating the low-range mode by means of a toggle switch on the center console, the driver can automatically prepare several control systems for off-pavement driving conditions: PTM switches over to the reduced ratio for off-pavement requirements and changes to a special off-pavement control map activating the differential locks, PSM responds by setting ABS and ABD to a special traction mode for all-terrain motoring, and the air suspension featured as standard in the Cayenne Turbo automatically lifts the entire vehicle up to its off-pavement level.
Porsche is the first carmaker to offer this combination of systems all controlled by one central switch and thus significantly facilitating operation of these systems when driving under extreme all-terrain conditions.
Porsche Communication Management (PCM) operates at the speed of light.
Using Porsche’s MOST (Media-Oriented Systems Transport) technology, PCM uses light wave conductors to exchange multi-media data in every Porsche model. The big advantage of this technology is that it exchanges data without any loss of quality and at extremely high speeds. Among other features, this ensures high-quality audio transmission for radio, CD player and amplifier units.
The customer decides on a specific level of PCM equipment when choosing a Porsche vehicle. For example, networking PCM with the instrument cluster via the CAN (Controller Area Network), the driver is displayed, within the instrument cluster, such information as radio station, music titles, and navigation pictograms.
Featuring a double audio tuner, CD player, dynamic route navigation, and trip computer, optional PCM provides a user-friendly design that includes a color screen and 12-digit keyboard. In the Cayenne, that screen is 6.5-inches across and provides the clarity of a 16:9 aspect ratio. The keyboard can be used for entering the frequency of selected radio stations. In addition, buttons beneath the display provide direct access to the individual menus such as trip computer (Trip button) or the navigation system (Navi button). Two new buttons to the right of the display provide direct access to the Set (Set button) and Return (button with a bent arrow) functions, thus avoiding the need to “jump around” from one sub-menu to another and waste a lot of time in the process.
As well as interference-free radio reception, ensured by a modern double tuner consistently looking for the best frequency, the navigation module features the following outstanding highlights: • Large choice of various navigation functions: Functions can also be presented on the map in the display, informing the driver of such facilities as restaurants, service stations or parking lots; • On-demand road junction zoom: This function automatically enlarges road junctions in the active guidance mode, providing helpful support above all at dangerous points where a road junction is unclear. • Map scroll: Benefiting from the wider range of map options, the user is able to shift the map display, scroll and position the map as required. This enhances navigation from the current location to the desired destination, checking out and memorizing a destination by means of a reticule display, without having to enter the exact address. • Tour planning: The tour planning function allows the user to enter and memorize routes with as many as eight destinations in a row. When setting out, the system will automatically guide the driver to the individual destinations on the way, in precisely the order recorded in advance. Further processing options on such extended routes are also possible, such as adding information, removing destinations, changing the order of destinations on the way or skipping a certain point; • Music played by the navigation CD-ROM drive: Apart from the usual navigation function provided by a CD-ROM, the new PCM system also allows memory-based navigation. In this case, after the route is calculated, the driver can remove the navigation CD and insert an audio CD into the CD-ROM drive. Should it be necessary to reinsert the navigation CD, for example to calculate an all-new route, the system will automatically inform the driver by generating an optical and an acoustic signal.
POSIP (POrsche Side Impact Protection) is standard on all Porsches and provides the driver and front passenger with a broader scope of protection than conventional side airbags.
A special feature of POSIP is that the airbags are able to ensure the same protection even in an open convertible. Housed in the door panel, the airbag modules differ from conventional units through their large volume and airbag geometry. In a collision from the side, this ensures not only the usual protection from chest to head, but also protects the driver’s and front passenger’s head from hitting an obstacle at the side. This standard is met regardless of the fore-and-aft position of the seats.
For the Cayenne, this side impact protection includes a new curtain airbag fitted into the roof frame. This curtain protects passengers sitting in the rear seat as well as the driver and front-seat passenger. The system is designed to provide protection even when struck by a narrow obstacle such as a pole or a tree.
PORSCHE ® PERSONALIZATIONPorsche Exclusive, Tequipment and Selection The discerning driver choosing a Porsche has the opportunity to turn his or her sports car or sport-utility vehicle into an unmistakable dream vehicle tailored to personal needs and wishes through the Porsche Exclusive, Porsche Tequipment and Porsche Selection programs.
Porsche Exclusive offers a wide range of first-class design and styling options direct from the factory, with Porsche specialists turning the creativity of their customers into reality through sophisticated materials and the utmost attention to detail.
Nearly everything is possible for Porsche sports cars, from the most sophisticated and stylish interiors with hand-sewn leather and custom paint colors all the way to such special features as Carrera ® and Aerokit Cup II performance kits thathave been developed on the northern circuit of Nürburgring and in Porsche’s own wind tunnel.
Porsche Tequipment products are ideal for customizing every current Porsche model, including the new Cayenne ®.
The Tequipment range extends from a roof transport system and child seats to sophisticated interior features and technical improvements that enhance the Cayenne’s already outstanding on- and off-pavement performance.
Transport systems tailored to the Cayenne ensure optimum use of the car’s cargo capacity. A collapsible loading space system or a roof rack provides options for transporting bicycles, skis or surfboards. A swiveling, load-assist system provides an intelligent and convenient solution for loading and unloading your gear.
A stainless-steel front apron accentuates the rugged, off-pavement capabilities of the Cayenne, and side sills and step boards offer added protection while underscoring the vehicle’s strong appearance.
The interior of the Cayenne can be customized with light olive wood or dark burr walnut trim, or with aluminum Sports trim package.
To meet specific challenges of various terrain and weather, special wheels have been developed for the Cayenne, which can be equipped with summer, winter or all-terrain tires designed to optimize performance in various weather and geographic conditions. For example, with its powerful design and clear lines, the 20-inch SportTechno wheel highlights the sporting looks of the Cayenne. The Selection range offers a wide choice of exclusive accessories and lifestyle items. These include sophisticated lifestyle textiles and other products as well as high-tech sports equipment and outstanding luggage systems.
The Selection range has been expanded to include a soft luggage series specially designed for the Cayenne with a very high standard of function and quality combined with low weight. The luggage series includes a travel bag that can be used as a backpack.
Also available is a luggage series made of original Porsche interior leather. First introduced for Porsche sports cars in either black or natural brown, the series has been expanded to include other Porsche interior colors.
Also available is a new laptop computer bag.
The Selection product line includes ski and tennis gear, motorsport textiles and clothing.
The golfer has the choice of a lightweight set of golf bags or a new full-size golf bag. For the first time the range of golf products includes a Micromilled ™cavity-back putter.
Porsche Selection also caters to the wishes of the very youngest of Cayenne drivers. The Cayenne pedal car is a single-seater designed for drivers 2 to 6 years of age.
Youngsters are not the only ones who will like the line of Porsche model cars. Collectors will be interested in a lineup of models that range from the new Cayenne and Boxster ® to the 904 GTS and a nostalgic Schuco-Examico 356cabriolet with a wind-up clockwork drive.
There is even a miniature version of Porsche’s tests track at Weissach as well as a Carrera GT racetrack set.
Cayenne® S and Cayenne Turbo Specifications Body Monocoque with all-steel lightweight body shell, hot-galvanized on both sidesPercentage of high-strength steel: 60 Drag coefficient: 0.39 Engine Concept: Water-cooled, front-mounted V8 Construction: Engine block, cylinder heads and pistons made of light alloy Valvetrain: Four valves per cylinder (two intake, two exhaust), activated by four overhead camshafts with VarioCam ® hydraulic valve camshafts play compensationIntake system: Cayenne S: Manifold with resonance pipe charge Cayenne Turbo: Biturbos with intercooler Lubrication: Dry sump Exhaust: Twin-chamber exhaust with one three-way metal-based catalytic converter(pre- and main catalyst) on either side Management: Motronic ME 7.1.1 electronics with 8 active individual coils, sequential multi-point fuel injection and E-gas Electrical system: 12 volt (2660 watt three-phase alternator with 95 Ah 450 A battery capacity) Fuel: Premium unleaded (98 ROM) Bore: 3.66 in. (93 mm) Stroke: 3.27 in. (83 mm) Capacity: 4511 cc Cayenne S Cayenne Turbo Maximum horsepower (SAE): 340 @ 6000 rpm 450 @ 6000 rpm Maximum torque: 310 lb-ft @ 2500-5500 rpm 457 lb-ft @ 2250-4750 rpm Compression ratio: 11.5:1 9.5:1 Output per liter: 76.5 hp 99.7 hp
Power Transmission: Engine and transmission bolted together to form one drive unit, wheels driven by power divider with an integrated reduction gear acting permanently on all four wheelsDrivetrain: Four-wheel drive Torque split (normal): 62 percent rear/38 percent front Transmission: Porsche Tiptronic S with six forward speeds Gear ratios 1: 4.15 2: 2.37 3: 1.56 4: 1.16 5: 0.86 6: 0.69 R: 3.39 Final drive ratio: Cayenne S: 4.1 Cayenne Turbo: 3.7 Stall speed: Cayenne S: 2521 rpm Cayenne Turbo: 2742 rpm Converter diameter: 10.71 (272 mm) SuspensionFront: Cayenne S: Double-track control arm on subframe (spheroidal-cast track control arm at the bottom, aluminum track control arm at the top), steel spring, struts with compensation of lateral forces by conical springs set off from the damper axis Cayenne Turbo:Independent with double-track control arm on subframe (spheroidalcast track control arm at the bottom, aluminum track control arm at the top) with full-load-bearing air spring struts with integrated dampers, Porsche Active Suspension Management damper system with on-demand, infinite damper force control Rear: Cayenne S: Independent with multi-arm axle on subframe (steel plate track control arm at the bottom, aluminum track control arm at the top), steel spring struts with compensation of lateral forces by coil springs set off from the damper axis Cayenne Turbo: Independent with multi-arm axle on subframe (steel plate track control arm at the bottom, aluminum track control arm at the top) with full-load-bearing air spring struts with integrated dampers, Porsche Active Suspension Management damper system with on-demand, infinite damper force control
Brakes: Two-circuit system with separate brake circuits on each axle, standard anti-lock technology and vacuum brake servo Front: Cayenne S: Six-piston aluminum monobloc calipers with 13.78-in. (350 mm) inner-vented discs Cayenne Turbo: Six-piston aluminum monobloc (and Titanium-colored) calipers with 13.78-in. (350 mm) inner-vented discs Rear: Cayenne S: Four-piston aluminum monobloc calipers with 13.00-in. (330 mm) inner-vented brake discs with pad-wear sensors Cayenne Turbo: Four-piston aluminum monobloc (and Titanium-colored) calipers with 13.00-in. (330 mm) inner-vented brake discs with pad-wear sensors Wheels and Tires Standard: 8J x 18 with 255/55 R18 Optional: 9J x 19 with 275/45 R19 Optional: 9J x 20 with 275/40 R20 Weights and Dimensions Cayenne S Cayenne Turbo Curb weight: 4949 lbs. (2245 kg) 5192 lbs. (2355 kg.) Wheelbase: 112.4 in (2855 mm) 112.4 in. (2855 mm) Length: 188.2 in (4782 mm) 188.3 in (4786 mm) Width: 75.9 in (1928 mm) 75.9 in. (1928 mm) Height: 66.9 in (1699 mm) 66.9 in. (1699 mm) Front track (with 18-inch wheels): 64.8 in (1647 mm) 64.8 in. (1647 mm) (with 19-inch wheels): 64.6 in. (1641 mm) 64.6 in. (1641 mm) (with 20-inch wheels): 64.6 in. (1641 mm) 64.6 in. (1641 mm) Rear track (with 18-inch wheels): 65.1 in (1662 mm) 65.1 in. (1662 mm) (with 19-inch wheels): 65.2 in. (1656 mm) 65.2 in. (1656 mm) (with 20-inch wheels): 65.2 in. (1656 mm) 65.2 in. (1656 mm) Minimum ground clearance: 8.54 in (217 mm) mid-axle 6.18 in. (157 mm) * Maximum ground clearance: 8.54 in (217 mm) mid-axle 10.75 in. (273 mm) * Cargo capacity (rear seat up): 19.07 cu. ft. (540 L.) 19.07 cu. ft. (540 L.) Cargo capacity (rear seat down): 62.51 cu. ft. (1770 L.) 62.51 cu. ft. (1770 L.) Maximum load capacity: 6746 lbs. (3060 kg) 6790 lbs. (3080 kg) Towing capacity: 7716 lbs (3500 kg) 7716 lbs. (3500 kg) Performance Cayenne S Cayenne Turbo Top speed: 150 mph (242 km/h) 165 mph (266 km/h) Acceleration (0-62 mph/100 km/h): 7.2 seconds 5.6 seconds Acceleration (0-99 mph/160 km/h): 16.8 seconds 12.9 seconds Acceleration (standing kilometer): 27.3 seconds 25.2 seconds
* Variable ground clearance figures are the result of the pneumatic air-controlled spring suspension that is standard on the Cayenne Turbo. Pneumatic suspension is offered as an option on the Cayenne S
Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (PCNA), based in Atlanta, Ga., and its subsidiary, Porsche Cars Canada, Ltd., are the exclusive importers of Porsche vehicles for the United States and Canada. A wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, PCNA employs approximately 200 people who provide Porsche vehicles, parts, marketing and training for its 203 U.S. and Canadian dealers. They, in turn, provide Porsche owners with best-in-class service.
All images and text courtesy Porsche. The Porsche crest, 911, Cayenne, Porsche Active Suspension Management, Porsche Traction Management, VarioCam, Porsche Stability Management, Porsche Communicatios Management, Tiptronic and Boxster are registered trademarks of Porsche.
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